Female and Male Infertility

Understanding Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse (or 6 months if you are over 35). It affects approximately one in six couples and can involve female factors, male factors, or a combination of both.

Female Fertility Factors

Common causes of female infertility include:

• Ovulatory disorders — Irregular or absent ovulation, often related to PCOS or hormonal imbalances
• Tubal factors — Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
• Endometriosis — A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus
• Uterine conditions — Fibroids, polyps or structural abnormalities
• Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) — Early decline in ovarian function
• Age-related decline — Natural reduction in egg quality and quantity over time

Male Fertility Factors

Male factors contribute to infertility in approximately 40–50% of cases. Common causes include:

• Abnormal sperm production or function — Low sperm count, poor motility or abnormal morphology
• Hormonal imbalances — Conditions affecting testosterone or other reproductive hormones
• Structural issues — Varicocele or obstruction of the reproductive tract
• Lifestyle factors — Smoking, excessive alcohol, heat exposure or certain medications

Our Approach

Dr Kirshenbaum provides careful evaluation of both partners, ensuring a thorough understanding of all contributing factors. Her approach includes:

1. Detailed medical history — Understanding your individual and shared reproductive history
2. Targeted investigations — Evidence-based testing tailored to your specific situation
3. Clear communication — Explaining findings and options in straightforward terms
4. Personalised treatment plan — Designed around your medical needs and personal goals
5. Ongoing support — Continuity of care throughout your fertility journey

When to Seek Help

You should consider consulting a fertility specialist if:

• You have been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if over 35)
• You have irregular or painful periods
• You have a known reproductive health condition
• You have experienced recurrent miscarriages
• You have concerns about your partner's fertility